Credits: John H. Tullock, "Natural Reef Aquariums"
- Each 90-degree bend in the plumbing will add about one foot of head due to friction. Each 45-degree bend will add 1/2 foot head pressure. This includes any bends in filters, chillers and uv sterilizers.
- As a result of friction, each 10-foot horizontal run of pipe will add a foot of head pressure.
- In an open system (a system using a sump), each foot of vertical distance from the intake of the pump to the return into the aquarium will add one foot of head pressure. The vertical distance in a closed system does not affect head pressure. A closed system is one where the pump draws water directly from the aquarium and returns water directly to the aquarium.
Credits: Scott Vallembois & Mike Kirkman, WetWebmedia.com
2 inch bulkhead will flow approximately 1350 GPH
1 ½ inch bulkhead will flow approximately 975 GPH
1 inch bulkhead will flow approximately 350 GPH
¾ inch bulkhead will flow approximately 165 GPH
Bulkhead Size(Inches) | Time(Seconds) | Flow(gph) | Notes |
2 | 133 | 1353 | |
2 | 132 | 1364 | |
2 | 122 | 1475 | A siphon effect occurred for a portion of the trial |
2 | 133 | 1353 | |
2 | 130 | 1385 | |
2 | 143 | 1259 | Plumbed with 5 foot horizontal run |
2 | 142 | 1269 | Plumbed with 5 foot horizontal run |
2 | 139 | 1295 | Plumbed with 5 foot horizontal run |
2 | 142 | 1268 | Plumbed with 5 foot horizontal run |
2 | 171 | 1052 | Plumbed with 5 foot horizontal run & intake strainer |
2 | 169 | 1065 | Plumbed with 5 foot horizontal run & intake strainer |
2 | 175 | 1029 | Plumbed with 5 foot horizontal run & intake strainer |
2 | 171 | 1052 | Plumbed with 5 foot horizontal run & intake strainer |
1 1/2 | 184 | 978 | |
1 1/2 | 184 | 978 | |
1 1/2 | 187 | 963 | |
1 1/2 | 182 | 989 | |
1 1/2 | 215 | 837 | Plumbed with 5 foot horizontal run |
1 1/2 | 213 | 845 | Plumbed with 5 foot horizontal run |
1 1/2 | 215 | 837 | Plumbed with 5 foot horizontal run |
1 1/2 | 217 | 829 | Plumbed with 5 foot horizontal run |
1 1/2 | 259 | 695 | Plumbed with 5 foot horizontal run & intake strainer |
1 1/2 | 245 | 734 | Plumbed with 5 foot horizontal run & intake strainer |
1 1/2 | 255 | 705 | Plumbed with 5 foot horizontal run & intake strainer |
1 1/2 | 247 | 729 | Plumbed with 5 foot horizontal run & intake strainer |
1 | 188 | 957 | A siphon effect occurred for the entire trial |
1 | 535 | 336 | |
1 | 489 | 368 | |
1 | 371 | 485 | A siphon effect occurred for a portion of the trial |
1 | 475 | 379 | This is a Megaflow bulkhead as installed in a Megaflow tank with water level approx. 4” above Durso standpipe inlet |
1 | 500 | 360 | |
1 | 515 | 350 | |
1 | 562 | 320 | Plumbed with 5 foot horizontal run |
1 | 567 | 317 | Plumbed with 5 foot horizontal run |
1 | 564 | 319 | Plumbed with 5 foot horizontal run |
1 | 557 | 323 | Plumbed with 5 foot horizontal run |
1 | 1120 | 159 | Plumbed with 5 foot horizontal run & intake strainer |
1 | 1051 | 171 | Plumbed with 5 foot horizontal run & intake strainer |
1 | 1110 | 162 | Plumbed with 5 foot horizontal run & intake strainer |
1 | 1102 | 163 | Plumbed with 5 foot horizontal run& intake strainer |
3/4 | 489 | 368 | A siphon effect occurred for a portion of the trial |
3/4 | 1084 | 166 | |
3/4 | 368 | 489 | A siphon effect occurred for the entire trial |
3/4 | 1094 | 165 | |
3/4 | 1094 | 165 |
